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Biography of Sub Commandante Marcos
Subcomandante Marcos is the spokesperson for the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), a Mexican rebel movement. In January 1994, he led an army of Indian farmers into the eastern parts of the Mexican state of Chiapas in protest of the Mexican government's treatment of indigenous peoples.
Marcos is an author, political poet, adroit humorist, and outspoken opponent of Capitalism and neo-liberalism. Marcos has advocated having the Mexican constitution amended to recognize the rights of the country's indigenous inhabitants. The internationally known guerrilero has been described as a "new" and " postmodern" Che Guevara. The nom de guerre "Marcos" is the name of a friend killed at a military road checkpoint.He is known as Delegado Cero (Delegate Zero) in matters concerning the Other Coampaign. He is only seen wearing a balaclava, and his true identity remains unknown.
Like many of his generation, Marcos was radicalized by the Tlatelolco maasacre and became a militant in the Moist National Liberation Forces. In 1983, he went to the mountains of Chiapas to convince the poor indigenous population to start a proletarian revolution against the bourgeoisie.The indigenous Mayans "just stared at him,"and replied that they were not workers; that, from their perspective, land was not property but rather "the heart of their communities."When asked about his first days in Chiapas in the documentary A Place Called Chiapas, Marcos says:
| “Imagine a person who comes from an urban culture. One of the world’s biggest cities, with a university education, accustomed to city life. It’s like landing on another planet. The language, the surroundings are new. You’re seen as an alien from outer space. Everything tells you: “Leave. This is a mistake. You don’t belong in this place.” And it’s said in a foreign tongue. But they let you know, the people, the way they act; the weather, the way it rains; the sunshine; the earth, the way it turns to mud; the diseases; the insects; homesickness. You’re being told. “You don’t belong here.” If that’s not a nightmare, what is?“ |
Marcos immersed himself in Mayan culture. After the political struggles within the FLN, the outlook of the indigenous peaseants of Chiapas and the failure of the Chiapas uprising, he embraced an approach to social revolution that has important parallels to the theories of Antonio Gramsci which were popular in Mexico.
A Place Called Chiapas includes the powerful rhetoric of the Zapatistas spoken in Spanish. He addresses the film maker with only his eyes and pipe visible: "It is our day, day of the dead". Marcos reveals the Zapatista belief that he is a dead-man and so are the Zapatistas.
